1076
PŮVODNÍ4021200011151111173233294355388
PRÁCE4435200011151111174230285
/4746200011132
ORIGINAL4804200011158118151213244306367421
PAPER5250200011151107163217278
Prediction4373200974369109156175211240259304349
of8033200974468
difficult888320097456487109130167212231258
venous11633200973978124168213245
access14253200973976111151183215
in16573200971964
adults:17383200973884129148175208225
an19803200973984
analysis20813200973883122141180212231263
of23613200974468
available24463200973977116135155194240260301
scales27643200973168108127168200
and29813200973984130
a312832009738
proposal31833200974673117163209241281300
for3500320097236895
implementation36123200971986132152193260301347373413440459503549
in41783200971863
clinical4258320097365574119138175214234
practice45093200974572112148177196233273
in47993200971863
the48793200972771112
Czech50083200974783124161206
Republic52313200974384130175221241260297
|5584190011126
89565419001114695
/24378040010732
Anest25148040010752100145178207
intenziv274180400107196794136184221240282
Med.30428040010770115165181
2026;37(2):78-933242804001074487129171186230271291334356370412454483527568
/38558040010732
ANESTEZIOLOGIE39528040010753112156200245291342362425468527586607651
A46248040010753
INTENZIVNÍ4698804001071978123168227277297345405426
MEDICÍNA51468040010770114173194248268327381
www.aimjournal.cz4258040010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
A‑DIVA425590013870101173208280343
(Adult789590013833105166228261301
Difficult1111590013873106143176209259323356396
Intravenous1528590013836100140190244296348411467529576
Access2125590013870121172225272319
Scale)2465590013858110164199250281
A‑DIVA42576001075379139159205254
was702760010765106140
developed86576001074993134177196244294339389
for12787600107237198
the139976001072876120
early154376001074383110129169
identification173676001071968112160187206229249290331358377425474
of223376001074872
DIVA232876001075878124173
patients252476001075091118137181229256291
in283876001071967
a425900010741
population49390001075099150199218259286306354403
of92390001074872
adult102290001074191139158186
surgical123590001073481108157176216258277
patients153990001075092120139183232259294
in186090001071867
2016195390001074588129168
by214890001075089
van226490001074183132
Loon242290001074188138187
et263690001074472
al.27349000107426177
In283790001072068
2019,425104001074487127165177
it622104001071847
was6881040010765107140
modified8471040010774123173191215235279329
and1196104001074089138
externally1354104001074383114156183231272291310350
validated1723104001074182101120169210237279329
in2072104001071967
a21581040010741
multicentre22191040010774121140168187227269318344371414
setting2653104001073377105136155203252
across425118001074183110157192226
five67711800107244486130
hospitals834118001074998132182202230272292325
in1186118001071968
the1281118001072877122
Netherlands.14301180010758103131180225252272313362412446463
The1920118001074293138
scale2085118001073375117136181
was22931180010766108142
designed2462118001074994128147197246290341
as2830118001074275
a4251320010741
rapid,487132001072668117136186201
clinically70913200107405977125143184225244263303
easy‑to‑use1032132001074484117158186214261290339372416
tool1469132001072874123143
for163213200107247299
the1751132001072876120
prospective1892132001075077124157206251293323342383426
identification2339132001071868112160187205229249289331358377425473
of2833132001074872
adult425146001074190138157185
patients631146001075092119138181230256291
at944146001074168
risk103414600107264678116
of1172146001074872
difficult126514600107496892119139179227246274
peripheral1561146001074994121140190238282309351369
cannulation.1952146001074082130178225244285312331379427444
Structurally,241714600107426895144184214262289330349368408420
it2858146001071947
is425160001071952
an498160001074189
additive609160001074190140158186205246289
score920160001073474121148191
based1133160001074991124169219
on1373160001074897
a14921600010741
binary1554160001075069117158184227
evaluation1803160001074484126145192233260279327375
of2200160001074872
five229416000107234384127
clinical244316000107405978125144184226245
items270916000107194790163197
(0/142517400107246697139
point),584174001075099118166193216230
the834174001072877121
sum975174001073481154
of1150174001074872
which12431740010765113132172220
(0–5)1484174001072366114157180
quantifies1684174001074997137186212231255275319352
the2057174001072876120
risk219817400107264678116
of2335174001074771
failure242717400107246684103151177220
on2667174001074897
the2785174001072776120
initial42518800107196785113132172191
cannulation636188001074082130178225244285312331379427
attempt.108318800107416898141215264292308
The565202001074189132
2019712202001074485124161
modification8882020010772119168186209228266307333351397444
(see134820200107235497140
Table1504202001094481131152196
3)1715202001094517572020010723
refined179620200107266790109155198247
the2058202001072874117
predictors2190202001074975117165183222251297322356
in2561202001071865
a26412020010740
broad2697202001074874120160208
adult425216001074190138156184
patient626216001075091118137181229256
population899216001074998148197216256283302350398
(n1314216001072470
=14002160010754
3587)1471216001074485128170194
without1682216001076584112160209257285
restrictions1984216001072669103132158178218248267315363396
based2397216001075091125169219
on2633216001074796
PIVC2746216001074563109159
indication,425230001071969120140181224253273322373389
demographics,842230001075096172222274301345396446466508544561
or1430230001074978
medical15352300010776122174193235278298
history.1861230001074969103133181209254267
The2156230001074294140
study’s2324230001073464114165207226258
outputs2610230001074999128180230259295
confirm425244001074189138163183210286
five73824400107244587131
key896244001073983124
predictors1047244001075179123174193234266313341376
and1451244001074190141
thus1619244001072878126160
the1807244001072877123
structure195724400107346491141183214263290334
of2318244001074974
the2419244001072878123
modified25692440010775125176196220241286337
A‑DIVA.425258001075278137156202249267
External708258001074181111153179227267285
validation100925800107408199117165205232250297345
showed1370258001073380127191234283
that1669258001072775115141
the1826258001072775118
scale1960258001073373114132175
is2151258001071951
reproducible2218258001072668117143189238285325343391410454
across2687258001074181107153186218
hospitals425272001074897130179199227268287320
and762272001074088138
clinical91727200107405977125144184225244
situations.117827200107345280128169196215263311344361
The1556272001074292136
scale1709272001073374115134178
has1904272001074989123
very2044272001074083110153
high2214272001074867116164
sensitivity2395272001073378126159177205224265284312355
and2767272001074189138
specificity425286001073483128169188212231272290318361
[2,80628600109267290
5,915286001094664
7].99828600109467310692860010716
Its56530000107194782
main6673000010774115133181
positive868300001075099133151179198239282
aspect1171300001074174123168209240
is1431300001071951
its150330000107194782
good1605300001074997146196
predictive1822300001074976119169188228259277319362
power2204300001075099164207234
and2458300001074189138
applicability261730000107419014016017821926042531400107506987106133176
in617314001071967
various700314001074182109128176224256
clinical97331400107405977125143183224243
settings.1233314001073377105135154202251284300
From1550314001074166112186
a17533140010741
user’s1810314001074881125151169199
perspective,2026314001074994121155204248289320338379422437
it2479314001071947
is2542314001071952
a26103140010741
simple2668314001073351124174193237
tool425328001072874122142
with583328001076483111159
clear758328001074058102141167
scaling942328001073373114133151198247
and1205328001074188137
evaluation.1358328001074484125144191231257276323372387
A17623280010752
negative1830328001074892141182208227267310
aspect2156328001074174122167208238
is2410328001071951
the2477328001072875119
fact2612328001072465106135
that2764328001072775115142
the425342001072876120
prediction562342001075076119169188228259277325374
relates95334200107266988129156198232
primarily120234200107507696169210236255274314
to1533342001072874
the1624342001072876120
initial176134200107196685113132172191
attempt196934200107416898141214264291
at2277342001074168
peripheral2362342001074994121140189238282309350369
cannulation.2748342001074081129425356001074895113154180199246295310
Multiple7523560010769117135163181230250293
failures106135600107246584102149175218251
are1328356001074167109
not1454356001074795122
the1593356001072775119
direct172835600107496793135176206
subject1950356001073480129148191232262
of2228356001074872
the2316356001072875119
model,24513560010774122171215234248
nor2716356001074896122
is2854356001071951
the425370001072876120
adequate567370001074190134184232272299342
procedure931370001074976123165207257305331374
for132637000107247299
managing14463700010774115163203253271319369
the1836370001072876121
given1978370001074968109152200
findings.220037000107234391140159207256289306
Measuring25273700010770115155188235262281329378
a4253840010741
vein488384001074084102150
diameter660384001074967108181226253296322
of1004384001074872
<10983840010753
311733840010744
mm12333840010773147
is1402384001071951
perceived1475384001075095121160203221262306356
as1852384001074175
a19483840010741
user‑unfriendly2011384001074881125151176225273296324343387435485504544
factor.2576384001072466107137184211223
To2821384001074284
obtain425398001074898126167186233
an682398001074189
accurate794398001074182120168194236263306
result,1123398001072770103150169197213
it1360398001071947
is1430398001071952
necessary1505398001074892134176210243285311354
to1883398001072874
use1981398001074780125
a21293980010741
ruler,219339800107277594138165176
which23933980010765113132172220
is2636398001071952
often2711398001074872104146194
perceived425412001075095121160203221262306356
by802412001074989
nurses912412001074896122156201234
as1168412001074074
cumbersome.1263412001074088161211256282317365439483498
Another17824120010753101150177225269296
problem2099412001075077124174194238311
might2432412001077392141189216
be2669412001075095
the2785412001072876120
“expected425426001072769109161207249280323375
difficult82742600107506994122142183232252281
cannulation”1135426001074183132181230249291319338388437463
item162642600107194891166
which18204260010766115135176225
is2072426001071953
based2152426001075193128173224
on2403426001074999
subjective2529426001073482133153198240271290332377
clinical42544000107405977125144184226244
estimation,689440001074478107125199239267285333382398
which11064400010765114132173221
can1346440001074182130
lead1496440001071963103152
to1668440001072875
inter‑rater176244000107196794136163187215256284326353
variability2134440001074183109128168218237256274302345
[5].24994400010926709525934400010716
The565454001074292136
practical727454001075077118159189208249290309
application1062454001074191141160179219261288307355403
of1492454001074772
the1590454001072876120
A‑DIVA1736454001075380140159206254
score2017454001073374121148191
is2234454001071951
in2312454001071866
environments2404454001074492132151178225273347391439466501
where4254680010765114158185228
repeated679468001072770120165205233275326
attempts103146800107416899142215265293328
by1385468001075090
healthcare1501468001074893133152180229269311338381
professionals1908468001075077124148192226259278326375415435467
of2402468001074872
varying2500468001074183109152172220270
experience2796468001074484425482001075198126146192242284328
are781482001074270114
common.923482001074290167243293344361
We13124820010776119
recommend1459482001072872115164241317363413464
supplementing1951482001073584135187208254330376426454474524575
the2554482001072979125
score2707482001073477125153198
with425496001076685114163
a6144960010742
local682496001072069110152172
algorithm881496001074160110159186206235283358
limiting1266496001071938112131159178227277
the1570496001072877122
number1718496001074997172222267294
of2039496001074873
“blind”213949600107267697115164214242
attempts240849600107416899143217267295331
and2765496001074290140
prioritizing42551000107507796144171190218237274293341390
early839510001074484110130170
ultrasound103251000107486795122163197245293341391
assistance.1446510001074175108126159188229277318360375
The1845510001074291136
expert2004510001074484134179205236
team,2264510001072870110184200
drawing2487510001074976117182201249298
on2809510001074896
the425524001072876120
analogy572524001074189129148197247287
of885524001074872
the984524001072876120
results,1130524001072770104151170198233249
calls1405524001074081100119152
for158352400107237198
the1707524001072876121
use1854524001074881125
of2005524001074872
ultrasound210352400107486795122164197245294342391
in2520524001071967
patients2613524001075092119138182230257292
with425538001076584112161
moderate6105380010773122172216243284311354
and988538001074189138
high1151538001074866115163
DIVA1339538001075877124172
risk.153653800107264578116134
Furthermore,1694538001074287114145193237264338387413456471
they2189538001072876120160
emphasize23735380010744118167216257290308345388
the2785538001072876120
necessity425552001074791131172205237255282323
of764552001074770
training85055200107275394111158176223271
and1136552001074187136
education,1287552001074392138178218244262309357372
particularly1674552001074990115145163202249267307332351390
for207955200107247096
non‑medical2191552001074794142169242285334352391431450
healthcare2656552001074891130148175222425566001074183110154
personnel,607566001075096123158208258307352372388
in1022566001071968
working11175660010766115143182203252303
with1447566001076686115164
ultrasound.163856600107496997125167202251300350400417
Given2082566001075777119163212
that2322566001072877119147
the2496566001072878123
A‑DIVA2646566001075481142162210259
tool425580001072874123143
is588580001071952
the660580001072876120
most8005800010774122156185
frequently100558000107245194144192236284311330370
used1395580001074881125175
instrument1590580001071967100129156204278322370397
in2007580001071967
the2094580001072876120
clinical223458000107405977125144184226245
setting,2499580001073377105136155202252267
it2787580001071846
is2854580001071851
more4255940010774122149192
than643594001072776116164
desirable833594001074993127145171213262282326
to1185594001072874
perform1285594001074994121148195222297
translation160759400107285596144177196237264283331379
and2012594001074189138
validation2176594001074082101119168209236255303352
in2553594001071967
the2645594001072876121
CR.2791594001075296114
Subsequently,425608001074289138172216266314358406433452492503
specific949608001073483128169188212232272
steps1242608001073463105155188
in1451608001071967
the1539608001072876120
care1680608001074182108151
of1852608001074872
individual1945608001071967116135176196245292333352
DIVA2318608001075878124173
patient2512608001074991118137181229256
risk278960800107264678116
groups425622001074975122171220254
should698622001073482130178197246
be964622001075095
established.1078622001074478107148198217236269316360411427
EA‑DIVA4256470013863137167239274346409
score855647001384697154203256
(Enhanced1132647001383397161226281346396449510
Adult16636470013870132193227267
DIVA19516470013872108180243
score)2215647001384597153202255286
EA‑DIVA425664001074194120178197242289
is730664001071850
the796664001072774117
result929664001072667100146164191
of1136664001074770
a12216640010741
study1277664001073361108156195
by1488664001074987
Civetta1590664001075169109151178207247
and1853664001074087135
colleagues.2004664001073984103121164203251297340373389
Their2408664001074290133151176
goal2600664001074895135154
was27696640010764104137
to425678001072773
develop513678001074992131173192239288
and816678001074187136
validate96767800107408199117164204230272
a12546780010741
predictive1310678001074975117166184223252270310352
scale1678678001073373113131174
that1868678001072774114140
enables2023678001074390130178197240273
the2312678001072774117
identification2445678001071866109156182200223242281322348366413460
of425692001074872
adult521692001074190138156184
patients729692001075092119138181230256291
at1044692001074168
risk113669200107274679116
of1276692001074872
DIVA1372692001075878124173
during1569692001074996122142189239
preoperative1832692001074976119168218263290332359377418462
assessment.2318692001074074107151185218292336384411427
The2769692001074292136
research425706001072669102146185211250298
was7397060010764105138
conducted893706001074086134183230270300342392
in1301706001071966
surgical1383706001073480106154172212253272
departments1671706001074892141182208239312356403430464
of2152706001074771
one2239706001074896139
Italian239570600107184687105124163211
hospital2622706001074896129178197224265284
on425720001074897
patients541720001075092119137181229256291
(n852720001072469
=9417200010754
1006)1014720001074484130175197
prior123172000107507796144171
to1422720001072774
urgent1516720001074774122166214241
and1777720001074189138
elective1935720001074363107148178197238281
surgeries.2236720001073481107155199226245289322339
The565734001074292138
EA‑DIVA722734001074297125186206253303
score1045734001073375122150194
(Table125973400107231287734001094584136159205
4)1512734001094615567340010724
is1600734001071852
an1672734001074189
eight‑item1781734001074463113162190215236265309383
validated2184734001074183103122172214242285336
scale2540734001073375117137182
with2742734001076585114163
heterogeneous425748001074893122166193241292337386431481530564
point10117480010749100119168196
weighting.12297480010765109129179228256275324374391
Individual1642748001071968118138180200250299340360
factors2024748001072467108139187215250
are2296748001074168112
again2430748001074191133152201
formulated265374800107247210017522442576200107196189132183
as628762001074175
YES/NO724762001074588132164224285
questions1030762001074897142176206226275324358
with1409762001076585114163
different159276200107496993122166194237286314
response1926762001072771105156206255289334
weights.22807620010765110129179228256292309
In2610762001071867
terms269876200107277198174208
of425776001074873
risk,51677600107264680118137
the671776001072877122
conclusion811776001074188137179198246280299348397
is1226776001071953
that1297776001072877118146
if1461776001071944
a15237760010741
patient1582776001075092120140184233261
scores1861776001073475122150194228
821087760010743
or2170776001074875
more22647760010773122150194
points,24767760010750100119168196231248
they2742776001072877122163
are304762001074168112
classified318462001074060101135170189214234279330
as353962001074175
high363962001074867117166
risk,38306200107274780119138
and399362001074190140
one415862001074897142
should432562001073482132181201251
automatically460062001074190119166241283311331372414434454495
proceed511962001075078126168211257308
to545262001072875
more3047760010775127156201
advanced327776001074294138182232275320373
cannulation367976001074185136186236257300329350400452
techniques,416076001072974117168218239290340387423440
particularly463076001075195123156177220270291334362383426
ultrasound­508576001074970100129173208259310361412442
‑guided304790001072779128147197242293
cannulation336290001074082131180228248289318337386436
[8].381990001092671963915900010716
The3187104001074291135
main33381040010774114133180
positives3535104001074998131149177196236279313
of3864104001074871
the3952104001072876119
EA‑DIVA4088104001074295122181200247295
scale4399104001073374115134177
are4593104001074067109
its471910400107184681
high4816104001074867115163
accuracy,4995104001074181120167193235275317328
comprehensiveness,53401040010740861603047118001075076119167211259292310351394441485519552568
and3631118001074189138
rapid3785118001072768117137185
applicability.3987118001074190140159177217259308327346364392434446
Its444911800107194781
eight4547118001074362111159185
clearly4749118001074058102142168188227
defined4993118001074992116136183227277
criteria528611800107406786114156182201241
demonstrate3047132001074993166214262295324350392418461
a35241320010741
high3581132001074867115163
predictive3761132001074976118168187227257275316359
value.4136132001074182101148192206
The4359132001074291135
scale4510132001073474115134178
has4704132001074889122
high4842132001074867115163
sensitivity5021132001073478126158176204223264283311353
and5390132001074189138
specificity3047146001073382126167185209228268286314356
as3420146001074073
well35091460010765108127145
as3670146001074174
the3760146001072775119
potential3895146001074998125167215241260299318
to4229146001072874
be4319146001075094
used4429146001074880124173
in4619146001071866
a47011460010741
wider4758146001076483132175201
range4976146001072667115164207
of5199146001074872
clinical528714600107405876124142182223241
settings,3047160001073377104134152199248280295
such3358160001073379119166
as3540160001074173
emergency36291600010743116159185233276323363405
medicine40501600010772116165183223241288331
or4397160001074874
pre‑hospital4487160001074975117146195242275323342370410429
care.4931160001074081107149163
A51101600010752
perceived5178160001074993119157199217258300349
negative3047174001074892142183210229270313
is3379174001071951
the3449174001072876120
fact3587174001072466107137
that3742174001072877117144
it3905174001071947
was39701740010765107140
validated4128174001074182101120169210237279329
only4476174001074896115155
on4650174001074896
adult4765174001074190137156184
patient4968174001074991118137181229256
population5242174001075099149197216257304718800107284694142
of3205188001074871
a32931880010740
single335018800107335198147166209
healthcare3576188001074891131150177225265306332375
facility.3967188001072465105124142160188230242
For4225188001074188115
widespread4356188001076584132176209258285327367416
application4788188001074190139159177217258284303351399
in5203188001071966
clinical528518800107405977124143183224242
practice,3047202001074975116155185203242284298
it3360202001071946
would34222020010764111158176224
be3662202001074993
appropriate3771202001074088137163209258285303343369411
to4197202001072873
conduct4286202001073985133181227267296
external4598202001074382112153179227267285
validation489820200107418199117165205231250297344
in5258202001071865
more53392020010773120146188
hospitals,3047216001074897130179199227268287320336
regions,3402216001072770120138186235268284
countries,3706216001074086135183210236256299333349
or4075216001074874
cultures.4169216001074088107135183209252286303
The3187230001074292136
question3348230001074896140174203222270318
is3691230001071952
whether37672300010765114158186234278305
it4097230001071947
can4169230001074081129
be4323230001075095
perceived4442230001075095122161203222263306356
as4823230001074174
a49222300010741
pitfall498823000107496896123165184203
that5215230001072876117144
two5384230001072895143
of3047244001074872
the3145244001072876120
scoring3292244001073374120147167214264
items358224400107194789163196
(skin380424400107245694114162
assessment3992244001074174108152186219292336385411
and4430244001074089138
vein4594244001074184103151
assessment)4771244001074174107151185218292336384411434
are5232244001074067110
subjective53682440010734811303047258001071963104135153194238
in3305258001071967
nature,3393258001074889116164190233248
meaning36612580010774118158207225273322
that4004258001072876117144
the4169258001072776120
EA‑DIVA4309258001074297123183203249298
results4627258001072770104151169197232
can4880258001074082130
be5030258001075095
somewhat5146258001073382156200265314354381
dependent3047272001074993143188236285329377404
on3474272001074897
the3594272001072876120
experience3737272001074484134179205224268316357399
of4159272001074872
the4255272001072776120
specific4398272001073383128169187211231271
healthcare4693272001074892132151179227268309336379
professional5095272001074976123147191225258276324373414432
assessing3047286001074174108152185219237285334
the3404286001072876120
patient.3547286001074991118137181229256272
In3842286001071967
practice,3931286001075077118159189208248291305
this425928600107287694127
can4409286001074081129
lead4561286001071963103153
to4736286001072875
variability4833286001074182109128168218237256274302345
between5201286001074994122190233278326
departments3047300001074993143184211242316360408435470
and3534300001074189138
between3690300001075094122190233278326
individual4034300001071866116134175195244291332351
raters.440330000107266895137164198215
A46353000010753
higher4705300001074967116164208235
number4957300001074996170219264291
of5265300001074872
evaluated53543000010744851261453047314001074788114156206
factors3269314001072365105135181207241
may35263140010773114152
also369431400107405991139
be3849314001074994
perceived3959314001074994120158200218259302351
as4326314001074173
cumbersome4416314001073987159208253279312360434477
by4909314001075089
nurses.5014314001074894120154198231247
For5277314001074288115
the5408314001072875119
reasons3047328001072770110143191240273
mentioned33453280010773118166193211259308352402
above,3772328001074190139180223237
the4034328001072876120
expert4179328001074383133178205236
team4439328001072870111184
does4648328001074590129161
not4829328001074691117
recommend4966328001072663101144215287325371417
the5407328001072876120
scale3047342001073474116135179
for324534200107247198
translation336334200107285596144177196237264283331379
and3762342001074189138
validation3920342001074182101120169209236255303352
in4292342001071866
the4378342001072876120
Czech4518342001075190133174222
setting.4760342001073378105136155203252268
SAFE30473670013858129193258
Rule33263670013869132165217
The3047384001074292136
SAFE3208384001074193135175
Rule3408384001074693112156
was35893840010765106140
created3753384001074167110150177220270
in4048384001071966
20244139384001074487129169
by4332384001075089
Bahl4446384001074687136155
et4625384001074472
al.472238400107415975
as4822384001074174
the4921384001072876120
output5066384001074896124174223251
of5342384001074872
an5438384001074189
extensive3047398001074483114156204237255296339
systematic3402398001073475108137180253294321339379
literature379839800107193765107134175202250276319
review4133398001072770110129173238
and4387398001074189138
multivariable45423980010773121139167186227268294313354403422466
meta‑analysis,50253980010773117145186214255303343362402436454486502
which30474120010765114132172220
identified3285412001071868112160187205229249293343
the3645412001072876120
most37834120010773122155184
consistent3985412001074086135168186219248290339365
and4368412001074089138
strongest452341200107346389136185235279312341
predictors4881412001075077120170189229259306333367
of5265412001074872
DIVA5354412001075978125173
across3047426001074181108155189222
available3286426001074080122140159200249269313
studies.3616426001073362110160178222256272
Its390542600107194782
aim4004426001074059132
was41534260010765106140
to4310426001072774
unify4401426001074896114138182
disparate4599426001074968101150192218260287329
findings494542600107234391141159207256289
from525142600107245198172
205440426001074487
studies3047440001073362109157175218251
and3314440001074188136
replace3466440001072668117136176216258
the3739440001072875119
missing3874440001077290123155173220268
unified4158440001074795113136155198247
definition4421440001074992115134181199227245292340
of4777440001074771
DIVA4863440001075877123170
with5049440001076483110158
a52234400010740
simple,5279440001073351123172191234248
quickly3047454001074996115155193214254
applicable3318454001074191141160179219260310330374
clinical370945400107405978125144184226245
rule.397145400107277594138153
The4141454001074292136
result4294454001072770104151170197
is4509454001071951
the4578454001072876120
mnemonic47164540010773121166239288336355395
tool5129454001072774123143
SAFE5289454001074294135176
–54824540010745
See,3047468001074286131145
Ask,3211468001075287125143
Feel,3373468001074184129148163
Evaluate3555468001074282123142189230257300
BMI38734680010746116135
(Body4026468001072469118168208
Mass42534680010770111144177
Index),4449468001071967116160200224238
based4705468001075091125169219
on4942468001074897
the5057468001072876121
five519646800107244384128
most53424680010774122156185
significant304748200107335199146164188207246287334360
risk342348200107264577114
factors:3553482001072364104134179206239254
invisible3823482001071865104123155173221240283
veins,4122482001074083101148180196
DIVA4333482001075877122170
history451948200107486698126172198240
and4775482001074088136
intravenous492748200107196692118159198240287335382414
drug5357482001074974122170
abuse3047496001074190139172216
history,328349600107486699128175202245256
impalpable3559496001071992142183202252293343362406
veins,3985496001074184103151184200
and4204496001074189139
BMI43624960010746116135
>45174960010753
30.4590496001074487103
„30475100010067
S31875090011047
(See):3252509001102773120167193213
Are3485510001075379122
there3627510001072876120147190
any3836510001074189128
suitable3983510001073481100128169219238282
veins4285510001074184103150183
visible448851000107416093111161180224
on4732510001074896
the4848510001072876120
extremity?4988510001074484114141184257276304347376
„30475240010067
A31875230011057
(Ask):3261523001102784123170198218
Does34975240010758107152186
the3701524001072876120
patient3839524001075092119138181230256
have4114524001074888128171
a43045240010740
history436352400107486699128175202245
of4626524001074872
difficult471652400107496892119139179227246274
cannulation5008524001074081129177225244284311330378427
or5453524001074875
intravenous318753800107196794120162202245293341390423
drug3629538001074976124173
use?3822538001074881125156
„30475520010067
F31875510011046
(Feel):3251551001102873119166190217238
Are3508552001075379122
there3650552001072876120147190
any3859552001074189128
suitable4006552001073481100128169219238282
veins4308552001074184103150183
palpable4511552001075091110160201251270314
on4845552001074897
the4961552001072876121
extremity?5101552001074484114141184258276304347376
„30475660010067
E31875650011046
(Evaluate3254565001102773118164188239286317364
BMI):36395650011051127151178198
Is3858566001071952
the3932566001072876120
patient4074566001075091118137181229256
obese4352566001074898143176221
with4595566001076584112160
a47775660010741
BMI48405660010745115134
higher4996566001074967116164208235
than5253566001072876117165
305440566001074487
(obesity)?3187580001072469120164198216244287310339
[3]354658000109267295
The3187608001074394140
main33546080010776118137187
positive35686080010751102136155184204247291
of3887608001074974
the3988608001072978124
SAFE4140608001074296138180
Rule4348608001074696115161
is4536608001072053
its461760800107194884
simple4729608001073453129180200246
and5002608001074292143
quick5172608001075099119160199
use5399608001074983129
compared3047622001074189166217260288333384
to3459622001072977
more35646220010775126154198
complex3790622001074189166217238283325
scoring4142622001073577125154174223275
systems,4444622001073577113143187263297314
which47866220010767117137178228
can5042622001074184134
be5204622001075197
more53296220010775126154198
time‑consuming3047636001072847120164193236282331364411485503551601
in3674636001071866
practice.3766636001075077118159189208248291306
It4098636001071946
focuses4171636001072371112160193237270
only4467636001074897116156
on4649636001074897
the4772636001072776120
main49186360010773114133181
risk512563600107264678116
factors,5267636001072466106136183210244260
supported3047650001073481130180229256287330380
by3452650001075089
evidence‑based3566650001074485104153197246286329358408450483527577
practice.4169650001074976118159189208248290305
Similar4499650001074260134152171212238
to4762650001072875
the4862650001072876120
other5008650001074775123167194
scales,5227650001073374116135178212228
it5480650001071947
helps3047664001074892112161194
detect3264664001074993121163205235
DIVA3521664001075878124173
patients3716664001075092119137181229256291
even4030664001074384127175
before4228664001074994118166193235
the4486664001072876120
first462966400107234369103132
puncture,4784664001075098146186217265291334349
which51556640010765114132172220
can5398664001074081130
significantly3047678001073452102151170194214255297346373392433
reduce3507678001072670121169210253
the3786678001072977122
number3935678001074997171221267294
of4255678001074973
unsuccessful4355678001074897130178219258301335369394444463
attempts,4845678001074169100143217267295331347
thus5219678001072877125158
decreasing54046780010749943047692001074067110150183201249298
pain,3363692001075092110158174
anxiety,3555692001074189128147191219262273
and3846692001074189138
depletion4002692001074993143163207235253301350
of4370692001074872
the4460692001072876120
venous4598692001074184132181229262
bed.4878692001074994144161
Furthermore,5057692001074187113144193237263338386413456470
the3047706001072876120
SAFE3187706001074293135176
Rule3382706001074693112156
is3558706001071951
suitable362970600107348199128169218238282
for393170600107237198
broad4049706001074976123165214
use4283706001074881125
across4428706001074181108155188222
the4669706001072876121
patient4809706001075092119137181229256
population.5085706001075099149197216257284303351399415
A31877200010753
negative3260720001074994145186214234276320
aspect3601720001074075125171213244
is3866720001071852
the3939720001072777122
fact4081720001072467108139
that4241720001072877119147
the4408720001072877122
SAFE4551720001074294137178
Rule4750720001074594114159
itself492972000107194884129149174
has5123720001074990124
not5268720001074897126
yet5414720001074084113
been3047734001075095141190
clinically325673400107405979127147188230250269310
validated3585734001074083103122172213241285336
as3939734001074175
a40337340010741
fully‑fledged409273400107247393113153182207230275326376421472
predictive4582734001075078122173192233264284326370
tool.4971734001072775125145162
Given5151734001075776118162211
that5381734001072877118146
individual3047748001071968119138181201252300342362
factors3438748001072367108140188216251
are3717748001074269113
not3859748001074898126
weighted40137480010766110130180230258301353
(do4394748001072472122
not4544748001074898126
have4699748001074890131175
assigned4903748001074175110129180229274326
points),52577480010750100120169197233256270
SAFE3047762001074294137178
is3252762001071952
a33317620010741
screening3399762001073375102146192241260309359
rule,378576200107277696141156
not3968762001074897126
a41207620010741
scoring4188762001073375122150170219270
tool.4484762001072876126146163
It4674762001071847
lacks4748762001071960102141178
scoring,4953762001073375122150170219269286
patient5266762001074992120140184233261
stratification,304777600107346594137166187213234276320349370420471488
and3564776001074292144
subsequent3737776001073483135171217269319365416444
care4211776001074084112157
rules.439877600107277798144180198
Similar4625776001074362139159179222250
to4904776001072978
EA‑DIVA,5011776001074299128190211260311330
vein5370776001074287107157