662
PŘEHLEDOVÉ3695200011151111167232285340403465523580
ČLÁNKY4301200011154107169233293349
/4675200011133
REVIEW4733200011157113173207263347
ARTICLES5105200011158120175208264317372423
Left25103200973878103132
atrium2659320097396692112156223
and28993200973984130
atrial3046320097386592111150170
fibrillation3233320097214287115134153173212238257302347
in35973200971964
critically3678320097366282109128165204224243281
ill3976320097193858
patients:40503200974686112131172218244277294
from4361320097235195163
echocardiography45413200974077122166204243270315335379425452492538583620
to51783200972770
therapy52653200972772113140179225263
|5584190011126
33565419001114390
/24458040010732
Anest25228040010752100145178207
intenziv274980400107196794136184221240282
Med.30508040010770115165181
2026;37(1):28-353250804001074487129171186230271291331348363407450478519560
/38558040010732
ANESTEZIOLOGIE39538040010752111155199245290341361424467526585606650
A46248040010753
INTENZIVNÍ4699804001071978123168226276296344405425
MEDICÍNA51468040010770114173194248268327381
www.aimjournal.cz4258040010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
Based565524001074585117160209
on790524001074794
the899524001072875118
echocardiographic1032524001074383130177217257283330348394443469509557605622661
indicators1709524001071865113131170210237282308341
described2066524001074891123163188207255299347
above,2429524001074088136175217231
namely2675524001074887159202425538001072061
left51453800107206691124
ventricular666538001074287137165193213255305325368395
systolic1089538001073578113144192213232274
function1391538001072576126168200220270320
and1739538001074292144
the1911538001072878125
morphological20635380010776127155207258309329380432452494537557
as2648538001074277
well27535380010766112132152
as425552001074276
functional528552001072474124165196216265315357376
parameters932552001075093120163238284312356383418
of1378552001074973
the1479552001072877123
left162955200107196589122
atrium,177855200107416997117165241257
a20625520010742
previously2131552001075178123164184234283317336378
published25365520010750100151171190224273318369
echocardiography‑guided425566001074486134184225267294343362411461488530580630669697749797816866910961
algorithm1413566001074160110159187206235284358
has1798566001074890123
been1948566001075096141190
adapted2165566001074191132183211254304
to2496566001072875
the2598566001072877122
specific274756600107348412942558000107416084104145
context597580001074188138165209249280
of904580001074973
NOAF10045800010758120172214
in1245580001071967
septic1339580001073479130158177218
shock1584580001073483132174213
(Algorithm1824580001092681103155206237259289340417
1).226758000109466623315800010716
This2374580001074293112145
algorithm2546580001074161111160188207236285360
summarises425594001073481154228268295314347391425
the867594001072776120
suggested1004594001073381130179223257286329379
antiarrhythmic1400594001074088115134174201228277315346395468487527
management19445940010774115163203253297370415463490
of2451594001074771
NOAF25395940010758119169211
and2767594001074089138
helps425608001074892112161194
to639608001072875
individualise733608001071967116135176196245292333352370403447
treatment120060800107285497137165239283331358
in1577608001071967
the1664608001072876120
intensive180460800107196793136184217235276320
care2143608001074082108151
setting2314608001073378105136155203252
[34].258560800109267211914327276080010716
Anticoagulation4256320015382158209249308373437501573614679729770835908
and13566320015362138208
risk15876320015359101155230
of4256460015364112
thromboembolism56064600153511251872533564254915526547237898288709241028
Anticoagulation4256750013870137176210260317371425489522577616650706769
in1214675001383298
the13326750013841105156
ICU15096750013836102175
setting1705675001384598137174208273327
In425692001071967
patients508692001075091118137180228255289
hospitalised814692001074896130179198225267285304336380430
with1260692001076584112160
severe1437692001073377118160187230
sepsis1683692001073377127160178211
and1910692001074189138
NOAF,20646920010758118168210216
the2297692001072775119
risk243369200107264578115
of2565692001074771
ischaemic265369200107195191139180224425706001077391131
stroke57270600107336187134172214
is802706001071951
reported869706001072668117165192222264313
to1198706001072873
be1287706001075094
approximately1397706001074089138165211248267339379406448466506
2.6%1919706001074358102167
[2,210170600109257189
38].220570600109469111523187060010716
Data2349706001075898125165
are2530706001074166109
lacking265570600107195898135155202251
for42572000107247198
therapeutic541720001072776120146188237282330358377417
parenteral976720001074991117160209235278304346365
anticoagulation1358720001074189116135175222263313360379420447466514562
for193872000107237198
NOAF20537200010758119169211
during2281720001074996123142190239
sepsis2538720001073378127161179212
and2767720001074189138
septic425734001073478127155174214
shock.660734001073482130171209227
In908734001071967
the996734001072876121
largest113873400107195986134178212241
available1400734001074180122140159200249269313
retrospective173473400107277097124171205254299340370389430474
study2229734001073362110160200
by2450734001075089
Walkey25607340010774113132170213253
et2834734001074371
al.,4257480010741607691
in539748001071967
the629748001072876120
subgroup773748001073380130180206253302351
of1147748001074872
patients1242748001075092119138182230257291
with1557748001076584112160
NOAF17407480010758119169210
during1974748001074996122142190239
sepsis,2236748001073478128161179212228
therapeutic2487748001072876120147189238283331359378418
parenteral425762001075194121166216244288315358378
anticoagulation831762001074291119139181229272323372392434462482532582
was14417620010766109144
not16127620010750100128
associated1768762001074276111161203223265293337389
with2184762001076787116166
a23787620010742
reduced2447762001072772124173215259310
risk278576200107274781120
of425776001074973
in-hospital52677600107196897147197231281301330372392
ischaemic94577600107195394143185230305325366
stroke133877600107346491139179223
(RR1588776001072471118
0.85;1733776001074561107151164
95%1925776001074488154
CI2106776001075271
0.57–1.27)2205776001074460106149190230242288331356
nor2588776001074999126
with2742776001076685114164
a30475240010741
significant3110524001073452101149168191211252293341368
increase3500524001071967107134177217250294
of3817524001074771
bleeding3911524001074969113158208226274324
(RR4257524001072469115
0.97;4394524001074459102143155
95%4571524001074487151
CI4744524001075270
0.83–1.14).4836524001074459105148194232243282321342356
[37].521352400109267211514253545240010716
The5392524001074291136
CHA₂DS₂-VASc30475380010751105156181239279305332376423465505
score3567538001073473119145187
(C3769538001072472
–38605380010744
congestive3920538001073985132180223256284302342384
heart4320538001074891130155185
failure,452153800107236482100147172214228
H47645380010756
–48395380010744
hypertension,4899538001074785134178204234275322354372419466481
age5396538001074088131
≥30475520010754
753121552001074485
years,3227552001074083123149184200
D34475520010758
–35255520010745
diabetes3591552001074967108157202230272306
mellitus,39185520010773118137156174202250283299
S42385520010741
–42995520010745
prior436555200107497696144171
stroke,455655200107346389137175218233
V48095520010746
–48755520010745
vascular4940552001074183116157204223264290
disease,5251552001074967100144184218262276
A30475660010752
–31185660010744
age3178566001074089132
65–743326566001074385130169206
years,3548566001073982121147180196
Sc3759566001074281
–38595660010745
sex3919566001073477116
category)4051566001073980106148197245271313335
has4402566001074787120
limited4538566001071936108126154196245
discriminatory479856600107496799139165183255273320360387432459501
ability5315566001074089107125143171212
in3047580001071966
critically312858000107406685112130170210228246286
ill342958000107193755
patients,3500580001074990116135177225251285300
and3816580001074088136
its396858000107184680
use4064580001074779122
in4202580001071966
this428458000107277492124
context4424580001074085133159201240270
should4710580001073380127174193241
be4967580001074993
supplemented50765800010733791271761962393113544024283047594001074494
by3167594001075090
clinical328359400107405978126144185226245
judgement3555594001071966116165210283328376403
[37].398459400109267211614341255940010716
In4167594001071967
haemodynamically4261594001074889133207255306346395436510529569611630648688
stable4976594001073362104154173218
patients,5220594001075091119138181230257292308
when30476080010765113157204
AF3268608001075293
duration3377608001074996122163190209256305
is3698608001071951
unknown3765608001074895133182230295343
or4124608001074874
≥42156080010753
244284608001074484
hours4384608001074896144170204
and4604608001074188137
adequate4758608001074089133182229270297339
therapeutic5113608001072875119145187236280328355374414
anticoagulation3047622001074189116135175221263312360379419447465513562
for363562200107247198
≥37596220010754
338396220010744
weeks39096220010765108153191227
has4162622001074989123
not4311622001074896124
been4461622001074994139187
ensured,4674622001074492125172198241291307
transoesophageal5007622001072855961441772262713043534034514923047636001074993133152
echocardiography3219636001074485133182223264291339357406456482524573622660
(TOE)3899636001072470128171196
is4115636001071951
used4187636001074780124175
to4382636001072774
rule447663600107277594138
out4634636001074896125
left477963600107196386118
atrial491763600107416895114154173
appendage5111636001074090140185233282323373417
thrombus3047650001072876102149224273321354
prior342565000107507796144171
to3619650001072875
elective3718650001074362106148178197238281
cardioversion4023650001074081108156174222263306332367385433482
[7].45286500010926739946266500010716
If4665650001071943
thrombus4732650001072876102149223273321354
is5110650001071951
detected,5185650001074993121163204235277327343
cardioversion3047664001074082108156175223263306333367385433482
should3547664001073482130178197246
be3812664001074994
deferred;3925664001074993116160186214257307321
therapeutic4265664001072776120146188237282330358377417
anticoagulation4701664001074189115134175221263312360379419446465513562
should5281664001073481130178197246
be3047678001075095
initiated.316867800107196685113132172199242292308
Repeat3502678001074590139184224251
TOE37806780010741100143
should3949678001073381130178197246
be4221678001075095
considered4342678001074086135168186235279306349399
to4767678001072874
confirm4868678001074086135158178204279
thrombus5173678001072876102149223273321354
resolution3047692001072770103152171219247266314362
before3429692001075095118166193236
attempting368569200107406898141214264291310358407
cardioversion4112692001074082108156175223263306333367385433482
[7].46136920010926739947116920010716
Anticoagulation30477170013870137176210260317371425489522577616650706769
after3836717001385394131185234
ICU40917170013836102175
discharge4287717001386095142194257312363417468
Following3047734001074392112132182249269319370
discharge3445734001075070104146196238266316362
from3835734001072453102178
the4041734001072879124
intensive419373400107206997142192226245288333
care,4554734001074184111156171
the4753734001072979125
risk490673400107274781120
of5054734001074975
ischaemic515673400107205496146188234310330372
stroke304774800107346389136175218
remains3290748001072770143184203251284
elevated,3599748001074363107147189216259309324
at3948748001074168
approximately4042748001074090140167214252271345385412455474514
2.1%458274800107435997158
at4765748001074168
148597480010743
year4928748001073983123149
and5102748001074189139
5.3%5266748001074458103168
at5459748001074168
530477620010744
years3118762001073983123150184
(HR3329762001072480126
1.22)3481762001074456102146168
compared3676762001074087161211253279323373
to4075762001072875
patients4177762001075092119138182230257292
without4496762001076585113161210259287
NOAF48097620010758119170212
during5047762001074997124143191241
sepsis5314762001073478128162181213
[10].304777600109266911113631817760010716
However,32167760010756105170213254297323335
long‑term3570776001071967116165193221264290365
anticoagulation3953776001074189116135175222263313360379420447466514562
therapy4534776001072876121147189238278
is4831776001071851
not4901776001074897124
automatically5044776001074188116163237278305324364406424443483
Algorithm42560001256598147197243275313372456
1.89760001255478
Treatment10206200107406097142168239277324349
of138562001074568
NOAF1469620010755114160199
in168462001071965
septic176562001073169114140158195
shock197662001073277122160196
based218962001074591121158204
on240962001074591
echocardiographic251762001073875121166205249274318336381427453495541587606643
parameters317662001074591117159231269296332358389
Legend:45547600953366107141183223236
AVP70647600954380118
–838476009540
arginine89347600954063102119160176217252
vasopressin;115947600953473100140181205238266293308350363
AVTI153647600954380119136
–1687476009540
velocity17414760095346784124159175198233
time198947600952340103137
integral21414760095165880113154177215232
of238747600954061
the24634760095236498
A-wave;257647600954367123163197230244
BBs283547600953877104
–2953476009540
β-blockers;300847600954166107124165199232265289317330
CCB335347600954383121
–3488476009540
non-dihydropyridine354347600954181123147190206248279320343382423456479495536552594628
calcium41854760095347390123140180244
channel444347600953475115157198232249
blockers;47074760095405797131164198221249262
LVEF498447600953368104138
–5136476009540
left5191476009516507197
ventri‑530347600953367108131154170194
cular4554860095337490131154
ejection6234860095345085118143159200242
fraction;8794860095214483116141157198240253
ECV114648600953578119
–1280486009540
electrical13344860095345185119144167183217256273
cardioversion;16214860095347396135152192226259283311326367408422
LAVi205748600953379116133
–2204486009540
left2259486009516507197
atrial23714860095406487103143160
volume25454860095347491131195229
index;27894860095165798132167182
LAEF298548600953379114148
–3147486009540
left3202486009516507197
atrial33144860095406386103143160
emptying348848600953498139162197213255295
fraction;37984860095204482116140157197239252
LCO406548600953373122
–4201486009540
low425648600951657112
cardiac43834860095337396135151191225
output462348600954081104145186209
syndrome;484648600952861103143167206270304318
LVOT517948600953368119152
–5346486009540
left5400486009517517298
ventricular45549600953467108131154171204244261301325
outflow79449600954081104127145186242
tract;10504960095234685118143158
HR–122249600954888128
heart136449600954276116140165
rate;15444960095236184117131
SR169049600953572
–1777496009540
sinus18314960095284385125152
rhythm;19974960095236496122163227240
NOAF2251496009549101143178
–2443496009540
new-onset249849600954175131155197239266300323
atrial28364960095406386103143160
fibrillation;30104960095213878102118135151192215231272314327
LAP335149600953379116
–3482496009540
left3536496009517517298
atrial36484960095416487103144160
pressure.38234960095406396124152191214247262
No469927500955195
Yes346927600954072104
No258027600955195
Yes136427500954072104
Specic405738800953779116153167207240
situations:43153880095304470113147170188227272300311
Hyperkinetic352839700955084127168189224239283320342360398
circulation39403970095355479112157172209232250289334
→42883960010880
prefer438539700954466106125165186
ultra-short-acting45903970095425783108141165195235280301327351387421447465505551
β1-selective377140600954382106136172191231264286304342378
BBs416740600954179108
(landiolol,42934060095213572112158172216231274289304
esmolol);461240600953971134175190233248270286
amiodarone3880415009536104119163204238264303348385
as428341500953664
an436541500953676
alternative.44564150095375177117138183217244257294331347
Dynamic356642400955286127165228244281
LVOT386242400953570122158
obstruction403542400954389117139164208242264282326367
→44214230010880
preload451342400954470106125164203244
correction47764240095367698123163197223237281322
and402443300953677123
adding416143300953678123138182224
AVP,440043300954777116118
BBs453343300954184112
Pulmonary357444200954081100162204249283304341
hypertension392944200954381123160185207247292320334377418
→43664410010880
prefer446344200954466101125160186
propafenone;466744200954466110152186209245290330371412424
alternatively36034510095365177117138182216243257294331350386
BBs400745100954079107
(with41324510095217691117161
caution)430745100953674114137154198239258
or458245100954369
amiodarone.4664451009536104119158204238264303344385398
After11754270095476590125146
successful133242700953069102134169196223242283297
cardioversion16404270095367091131145185218253274302315355396
(optional,204742700952159101122136176217250264275
if233342700951735
AVTI238042700954681120135
/2526427009529
LAEF256642700953682116150
are27274270095365792
measured):2831427009565102135161200221257298317327
•1274436009520
Preserved13054360095406096123159180216252294
LA161043600953682
function170343600952162102135159173213254
(AVTI19684360095216599138153
>2133436009547
6.821924360095395088
cm229143600953699
±2401436009548
LAEF246043600953682116150
>2621436009548
38%268043600953975131
42822436009539
hours287343600954383123144171
after12764450095365480115135
cardioversion)14234450095357090130144184217253273301315355395411
→18464440010880
preference193744500954465101119155176211251285320
for22684450095216081
rhythm23614450095236495120160223
control259544500953675115136157196211
strategy28174450095305374108130165206240
Consider164238800954687127159173218254280
rhythm193538800952368100127167234
control218538800953575120143167207226
strategy:24243880095305676114136176222254266
LAVi157439700953681111122
<1713397009548
40177539700953980
ml/m21869397009565811111772046397005623
(favourable20863970095214280114154199220258299314354
anatomy)245539700953777116138182246280304
LAEF160140600953681117152
>1772406009548
38183340600953980
%1928406009559
(preserved20024060095216788129156197218255292333
LA235340600953681
function)244540600952164105143165183222267286
Initial18893710095175877105120156175
target20813710095256486128169196
HR229537100955092
80–110240737100953980118157194235
/2658371009528
min,270837100956583124140
Rhythm286437100954084121148190257
control314137100953580121148170216234
preferred339337100954470107130168194216257299
over371337100954280117143
rate38733710095246386127
control401737100953681125148175216235
Ultra-short-acting436830500985375102133176201234283325356386412452490516539584631
β1-selective440831400984689114147191210254288319338381425
BBs484831400984794129
Propafenone448132300954065107153191210252293337382423
Digoxin456633200955270112157193212254
Non-dihydropyridine425034100955195140163207226267304350371416459496521536583597643680
CCBs495134100954592134165
(Diltiazem,43443500095217289109133153188222259327342
Verapamil)47053500095416894133176214282299315335
Propafenone339530500984575118167209233277321368416459
Ultra-short-acting31363140095506892118153177207252293318342365402440463482524570
β1-selective372331400954483107136178193235268295311350391
BBs356832300954082113
Amiodarone3421332009547113131176218256282323367408
Vernakalant34383410095417298139178210248267302347374
ECV356235000953784126
Amiodarone2302305009851120141189234276306350398441
Digoxin239631400955270112156193211253
Ultra-short-acting20333230095506892118153177207252293318342365402440463483525570
β1-selective262132300954382106136177192234268295311350391
BBs214233200954082113
(Landiolol,22733320095215593138184198244259304323336
Esmolol)262833200953765133176195236255275
Amiodarone1238305009851120141189233275306349397439
ECV139531400953784126
No370023000955195
Yes232223100954072104
LAVi396625800983992133155
<4137258009848
40420425800984383
ml/m24035268009566831141784213268005623
LAVi183025900983992133150
<1997259009848
40206425900984383
ml/m21897268009566831141782075269005623
LVEF287622200953670108146
<3038222009548
35310522200953980
%3205222009559
NOAF2485181009854110160203
and270018100984188134
haemodynamic285018100984687126194239284324371412478499535
stability340018100983462102150171191212240279
Assessment443213400954775103144171199267305345368
of481513400954362
preload489713400954465105120159198239
and515313400953677118
correction469114300953676102122163196218236280320
↓44691510011040
catecholamine45261520095367097132166211251266303367383426463
dosage500515200954484112146192229
(e.45831610095215769
g.467216100954355
adding474616100953677119138177218
AVP)497616100954781120140
Ion436817000951761101
supplementation448217000952969115157172212279317357379417444457501541
(K504217000952163
+5117170009548
>5184170009547
4.052401700095395591
mmol/l,4433179009566130172187216230245
Mg2+4693179009562105479617900562351
>4861179009548
1.049271790095395091
mmol/l)5034179009566131172187216230252
Maintenance439118800956298112156178218259293334367408
of481618800954261
normoxaemia489418800954283104171213246280316384395433
NOAF2351138009854110160203
and256613800984188134
haemodynamic271413800984686126193239287327371412481499535
instability326513800982167100129169214235256277305344
/3626138009827
LCO366913800984088144
=2382148009548
synchronised244614800953066110144187212253294312342381424
electrical28881480095395694130154178194229266285
cardioversion31901480095367295137155198233273296325342385426
(ECV)363414800952258106144165
Primary24141120095406681150187209247
TTE,267711200953776115127
if282311200951737
NOAF2881112009551106154192
>3093112009548
24315611200953980
hours:325711200954384128154182199
add347311200953682128
TOE361811200953792131
STEP72724900984285128174
3.91224900984363
Assessment59825800985185121161197233299341389419
of103525800984572
LAVi78526700983992133150
STEP74420500984285128174
2.92920500984364
Assessment61721400985185121161196232298340388418
of105121400984573
LVEF79522300983981123165
STEP74713900984285128174
1.93813900984363
Assessment62114800985185121161196232298340388418
of105514800984573
haemodynamic60115700984688127197243291333380419488509548
stability74116600983364103152174193213244282
NOAF210997009854110160203
or23239700984572
unknown24129700984591132178223282328
duration27569700984692121161191210255300
AF30699700985191
in31779700982066
sepsis32619700983375121155173206
and34849700984188134
septic36349700983475122150170205
shock38559700983380125159200