495
PŘEHLEDOVÉ425200011151111167232285340403465523580
ČLÁNKY1031200011154107169233293349
/1405200011133
REVIEW1463200011157113173207263347
ARTICLES1835200011158120175208264317372423
Left4253200973878103132
atrium574320097396692112156223
and8143200973984130
atrial961320097386592111150170
fibrillation1148320097214287115134153173212238257302347
in15123200971964
critically1593320097366282109128165204224243281
ill1891320097193858
patients:19653200974686112131172218244277294
from2276320097235195163
echocardiography24563200974077122166204243270315335379425452492538583620
to30933200972770
therapy31803200972772113140179225263
3020120001114397
|342200011126
ANESTEZIOLOGIE4268040010753112155200245290342362425467527586607650
A10988040010753
INTENZIVNÍ1172804001071978123168227276296345405426
MEDICÍNA16198040010770114174195248268328382
/20468040010732
Anest21238040010753101145179208
intenziv235180400107186693136184221240281
Med.26528040010770114164180
2026;37(1):28-352852804001074487128171185230270290330348362406449477518560
/34578040010731
www.aimjournal.cz48358040010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
of42762001074872
the51662001072876121
left6546200107196387118
atrium7906200107406794114161234
and104262001074189138
identification119762001071968112161187206230250290332359378426474
of168962001074872
elevated177862001074463107147189216259309
filling210462001072443628199147196
pressures231862001074976119153186233260303336
for26726200107237198
the278762001072876120
left4277600107196387118
ventricle56576001074184132159186205245264308
[22].892760010926721181411032760010716
Echocardiography106876001074281129177219260287335353401451478519569618656
plays174476001075070110149183
a1947760010741
key200876001073881120
role21487600107277494138
in230676001071866
predicting239276001075077120170189229259278326375
the278776001072876120
development42790001074994135179199248299374418467495
of94890001074973
NOAF,1048900010758120171213220
in129490001071968
choosing138990001074089138188222240289339
the175590001072877122
treatment19039000107285699140167242287336363
strategy22939000107346491133161204254295
(rhythm26159000107244998137169218292
control427104001074188137164192239259
vs.71310400107417693
rate83210400107276997140
control),999104001074088137164191239259284298
and1323104001074290140
in1490104001071968
secondary1585104001073378120167217267308335378
prevention1990104001075078121163206255282302350400
of2416104001074973
recurrence2516104001072770112161187215259307348391
after42711800107416496138165
cardioversion612118001074081108156174222263306332367385433481
[13,1112118001092669109127
20].125811800109479211713731180010716
Left4271430013861114152189
Atrial6371430013871111162196251285
Dimensions9431430013873107200252315362395450513561
Anteroposterior4271600010753101128170197244294343377406448475494542569
Dimension1016160001075877151195243276294342391
of1427160001074872
the1519160001072876120
Left1659160001074184107139
Atrium1818160001075279106125172246
(LA2084160001072463118
ESD)2222160001074285142164
and2406160001074189138
Left2564160001074184108139
Atrial2723160001075379106125165184
Area427174001075379122162
(LAA)609174001072464119173197
„4271880010067
In567188001071968
parasternal657188001074992119162196226269297346388408
long1086188001071969118168
axis1276188001074182102135
view1433188001074161106172
(PLAX),1626188001072470110166218244259
the1907188001072777122
anteroposterior2050188001074190118161189237288338372402445473493542570
dimension2641188001074969143188237567202001073352100149
of734202001074772
the823202001072876121
LA962202001074095
(LA1074202001072464119
ESD)1211202001074184142164
is1393202001071851
measured14622020010773118158192239266309359
at1839202001074068
end‑systole,1925202001074391141169203244278308355375419434
using237720200107478099147197
M‑mode2591202001077099173222272316
or567216001074876
2D6662160010743101
perpendicular790216001074995123174220269319339380428448490517
to1330216001072875
the1428216001072877122
long1573216001071968117168
axis1763216001074182102136
of1921216001074873
the2017216001072877122
aortic2162216001074190118150169210
root,2395216001072775125153170
from2588216001072352100175
the2786216001072777122
posterior5672300010750101135166209237258307335
border9302300010750101129179224252
of1210230001074873
the1312230001072877123
aortic1463230001074191119151171213
root1704230001072775126154
to1887230001072876
the1991230001072878123
posterior21422300010750101136166210237258307335
wall25062300010765108128148
of2682230001074873
the2784230001072877123
LA567244001074096
(Fig.69024400109267091143163
1).8792440010947679452440010716
The988244001074293138
normal1153244001074998126201243263
value1443244001074183103151196
is1667244001071952
approximately1747244001074191142170218257277351393421464484525
≤23002440010754
402381244001074490
mm.24892440010773148165
This2682244001074192112145
is2855244001071952
a5672580010741
one‑dimensional626258001074898143173225244319364413447466515564606626
parameter1270258001075092120162236282310354381
that1670258001072777118146
may18352580010773115155
underestimate2008258001074897147192220263298328348422463491535
dilatation256125800107496988130158200228248297346
in567272001071968
cases656272001074083117162196
of874272001074873
asymmetric968272001074175117193267312341369389430
LA1420272001074096
remodelling1537272001072771145195246291311330349398448
[17].200627200109267011013821432720010716
„4272860010067
In567286001071967
the658286001072776120
apical801286001074191110150192210
four‑chamber1035286001072471119146170213261302375425470496
view1555286001074060103168
(A4C)1747286001072476120173198
at1969286001074168
end‑systole,2060286001074492142169203244278307354374418432
planimetry2516286001074969109158176249294322348391
of567300001074974
the668300001072878123
LA819300001074197
area943300001074269113155
(LAA)1125300001072465122178202
is1354300001072053
performed;1435300001075096124152200228304350401417
normal1879300001074999127203245264
value2171300001074184104152197
≤23963000010754
202478300001074589
cm².25843000010741116143157
The2768300001074394139
tracing56731400107285596137155203253
is839314001071951
drawn910314001074975117181230
from115931400107245299173
the1351314001072876120
mitral1491314001077392120147188207
valve1718314001074082101142185
annulus,1922314001074189137185204251284300
encompassing2241314001074492133179253303345378411429477527
the2787314001072876120
entire567328001074391117136162204
perimeter787328001075094120139212255283325351
of1154328001074871
the1241328001072876119
LA,1377328001074094111
whilst15043280010765113131149182210
excluding1730328001074483122140187236254302350
the2097328001072775119
LA2232328001074094
appendage2342328001074190139184231280320369413
and2771328001074088137
pulmonary567342001075098117190239287328354397
vein984342001074184103151
orifices.115434200107487594118138178221254271
LA427370001074095
Volume:549370001074691111158232277292
Biplanar867370001074665114134175223264290
Volume1183370001074692112159233277
Measurement14873700010770114154188235261305378423471498
(LAV)2011370001072464119161189
and2226370001074189139
Indexed2391370001071967117161201244294
Value2711370001074686105152196
(LAVi)427384001072464119160181204
„4273980010067
The567398001074292136
most7303980010774122156185
accurate942398001074181120168195236264306
method12753980010774118146195243294
is1595398001071952
biplanar1673398001075069119139179228269295
calculation1994398001074182101142190209250277296344393
of2413398001074872
LA2512398001074095
volume2634398001074188108156229274
(LAV)567412001072464119161188
using77741200107488199147196
the995412001072876120
disc1137412001074968100141
method13004120010774118146194242292
in1614412001071967
A4C1703412001075297149
and1874412001074189138
A2C2034412001075398149
views2204412001074161104169203
at2429412001074168
endsystole2519412001074492141174215249278325344388
(maximum567426001072495136176195268316389
LA977426001074095
volume).1093426001074188108155229273295308
Both1422426001074594121169
volumes1612426001074188108155229273307
are1940426001074167110
averaged2071426001074180124150192241285335
(Fig.242742600109266989140159
226064260010947
and2673426001094393145
3)2838426001094669
and318962001074189138
indexed335162001071967116160200243293
to366762001072875
body376562001075099149189
surface397862001073380107134176216259
area426062001074167110150
(LAVi).443462001072464119160181204217
LA467562001074095
dilatation47946200107496786127154195222241289338
is515562001071952
typically523062001072870121140181222241260300
defined318976001074993117137184229279
as348776001074175
LAVi358176001074195137158
≥3759760010753
34383276001074489
ml/m²393676001077493125197223
[22].4178760010926721181414317760010716
Note:30491040010757106133176191
LAV/LAVi3263104001074195137165206261303323
are3609104001074168111
preload‑dependent3743104001075076119139187229278306357401451496544593637685712
and4478104001074189139
increase4640104001071967107134177217250294
with4958104001076584112160
chronically5141104001074088115162210229269311330348388
elevated3049118001074463107148189216259309
LA3378118001074095
pressure3492118001075077120154187234260303
(LAP).3815118001072464119164186199
Left30491430013861114152189
atrial3259143001385392143178232267
function35471430013837102167216259293348411
and39791430013852118178
left4178143001383183121158
ventricular43571430013853104167207257292342406439494545
diastolic4923143001386095150198239297328363413
function30491570013837102167217259293348411
Transmitral3049174001074264106155189263283311339381400
Flow3476174001074361110176
–36791740010746
PW37521740010745120
Doppler38991740010759109160211231276303
(A4C,4229174001072477122176192
at4448174001074269
the4544174001072978123
tips469417400107284798132
of4853174001074873
the4953174001072877122
mitral5102174001077594123150192212
valve5341174001074183103144188
leaflets)3049188001071963103127149193221256277
„30492020010067
E31892020010742
wave32562020010765107147190
=34712020010754
early3550202001074484110130170
LV3746202001074080
filling;3852202001072343628199147196211
the4088202001072876121
absolute4234202001074190124172192239268310
velocity4570202001074083103151192211239281
is4877202001071951
highly4954202001074867116164183223
age-5202202001074190135164
and5391202001074189138
preload‑dependent;3189216001074975117136183223272299349392440484531580623670696711
therefore,3916216001072774118143185208255281323337
it4268216001071946
has4330216001074787119
no4465216001074895
single457521600107345198146164207
"physiological"4798216001072774121159192210257276323372390429469488513
value.532721600107408199145188202
„30492300010067
E31892300010742
deceleration3251230001074993134176196240266308335354402450
time3721230001072847120164
(DT):3905230001072482122150164
approximately4089230001074190140167214252272345386413455475515
160–2204623230001074483128176216260303
ms.49462300010773106123
„30492440010067
A31892440010753
wave32622440010765107147190
=34722440010754
Atrial3547244001075279106125165184
Contraction3752244001075198147173200242282313331379428
(only4201244001072469118137177
in4399244001071866
sinus4486244001073452100147180
rhythm);4687244001072675114145193267288302
the5010244001072876120
E/A5151244001074276123
ratio529524400107266895114162
is5478244001071851
also318925800107416092141
age-3349258001074191135164
and3533258001074088138
preload‑dependent.3691258001074976119138187228278306357401450495544593637685712728
Atrial3049286001075278104123163181
Contraction3246286001075197145171198239278308327374422
–36842860010744
A‑wave3744286001075379144185224266
VTI4026286001074692112
(AVTI4154286001072375116162182
/43522860010732
velocity‑time4400286001074083101149189208235277304331350422466
integral488228600107186692134183209250268
of5166286001074871
A52532860010753
wave)53222860010764105144186207
„30493000010067
The3189300001074189131
character3334300001073985124149188227256296321
of3669300001074769
the3752300001072774116
A‑wave3882300001075277140179217258
reflects415430000107266790110152192220253
the4421300001072773116
strength455130000107336085126172219246292
of4857300001074769
atrial494030000107406691109147164
contraction,5118300001074084131156181221259288305351397411
LV3189314001074080
elastance,3287314001074362101134162202250289331344
and3649314001074188137
the3804314001072775118
volume3940314001074087106152225268
of4226314001074871
blood4315314001075068116164213
in4546314001071966
the4629314001072876119
LA4766314001074094
after487831400107416394135161
early5057314001074483108127166
diastole.5241314001074967106138166212231274288
„30493280010067
Note:31893280010757106133176191
AVTI3399328001075294141162
can3579328001074082130
be3727328001075095
used3841328001074780125175
as4034328001074174
a41273280010741
quantitative4186328001074997137185212231259301328346388431
indicator4635328001071967116135175217244291317
of4971328001074872
"atrial506232800107276693119139179198
kick"527932800107385898136165
in5463328001071866
sinus3189342001073452100147180
rhythm3386342001072675113144193266
(Fig.366834200109266989140159
4).384334200109467039113420010716
The3943342001074292136
AVTI4096342001075294141161
value4274342001074182101149193
4–64483342001074491138
hours4638342001074897145171205
post‑cardioversion4860342001075099132161185228269296344362410450494520554572620669
reflects318935600107266993115158199229264
the3470356001072775119
return360635600107266996144170219
of3841356001074871
atrial392935600107416894113153172
contraction4117356001074087135161188229270300318366414
and4548356001074088137
may47023560010773114152
be4871356001074994
associated4981356001074174107155196214254281323373
with5371356001076483111159
the3189370001072876120
risk332937000107274678116
of3465370001074872
NOAF35563700010758119169211
recurrence.3786370001072770111159185212255303344386401
Pulmonary3049398001074592111184233281322349392
Artery3460398001075380110153179223
Pressure3702398001074571114148181228255298
(PAP)4019398001072469116161183
and4222398001074189138
RV4380398001074592
Load4491398001074188129179
„30494120010067
TR3189412001074289
Vmax32964120010745118159200
–35134120010745
maximum35764120010774115155174248296370
velocity3964412001074084104152194213241284
of4266412001074872
tricuspid435641200107285575115163197246266316
regurgitation4689412001072770121168195244263291333361380428477
(TR)5184412001072470117141
measured534241200107741181593189426001073379105147196
by3401426001074988
continuous‑wave3505426001073985133159177224271318365397423488528567609
Doppler.41314260010757105154203222265291303
A44504260010752
TR4518426001074187
Vmax46214260010745116156195
value483342600107408099145188
>50384260010752
2.85106426001074459103
m/s52244260010773105134
sugFig.5375426001073379127425452001255687137164
1.605452001255478
PLAX728454001074379129176
view92045400107385694156
–10934540010745
LA1154454001073788
ESD1258454001074079133
measurement14084540010771109155185229254291363401447472
Fig.425628001255687137164
3.605628001255479
A2C729629001074891138
view88362900107385694157
–10566290010745
LAVi1117629001073788129148
measurement12826290010771109155185229254291362401447472
Fig.3047452001255687137164
2.3227452001255481
A4C3353454001074889138
view350745400107385694157
–36804540010745
LAVi3741454001073788130148
measurement39064540010771109155185229254291363401447472
Fig.3047628001255687137164
4.3227628001255481
A4C3353629001074889138
view350762900107385694157
–36806290010745
Transmitral3741629001074060103149179249267293318361379
PW41366290010743115
Doppler42676290010757103149194213251277
with4560629001076281106152
AVTI4728629001074990134153
measurement48976290010771110155185229255292363401448473